{"id":21523,"date":"2023-01-27T20:54:25","date_gmt":"2023-01-27T20:54:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/avrupapress.com\/main\/?p=21523"},"modified":"2023-11-25T19:36:48","modified_gmt":"2023-11-25T19:36:48","slug":"bagimsiz-tedbir-nafakasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/avrupapress.com\/main\/2023\/01\/27\/bagimsiz-tedbir-nafakasi\/","title":{"rendered":"BA\u011eIMSIZ TEDB\u0130R NAFAKASI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pakize Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u00a0 \/\u00a0 AVRUPAPRESS<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda h\u00fckmedilebilen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z tedbir nafakas\u0131n\u0131 incelenecek ard\u0131ndan Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu taraf\u0131ndan bu konuda verilmi\u015f 2021 tarihli karara yer verilecektir.<\/p>\n

Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z tedbir nafakas\u0131 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun(TMK) 197. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Madde metni \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n

\u201cE\u015flerden biri, ortak hayat sebebiyle ki\u015fili\u011fi, ekonomik g\u00fcvenli\u011fi veya ailenin huzuru cidd\u00ee bi\u00e7imde tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00fcrece ayr\u0131 ya\u015fama hakk\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>\n

mudanya olgun escort<\/a><\/p>\n

Birlikte ya\u015famaya ara verilmesi hakl\u0131 bir sebebe dayan\u0131yorsa h\u00e2kim, e\u015flerden birinin istemi \u00fczerine birinin di\u011ferine yapaca\u011f\u0131 parasal katk\u0131ya, konut ve ev e\u015fyas\u0131ndan yararlanmaya ve e\u015flerin mallar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netimine ili\u015fkin \u00f6nlemleri al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

E\u015flerden biri, hakl\u0131 bir sebep olmaks\u0131z\u0131n di\u011ferinin birlikte ya\u015famaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131 veya ortak hayat\u0131n ba\u015fka bir sebeple olanaks\u0131z h\u00e2le gelmesi \u00fczerine de yukar\u0131daki istemlerde bulunabilir.
\nkestel olgun escort<\/a><\/p>\n

E\u015flerin ergin olmayan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 varsa h\u00e2kim, ana ve baba ile \u00e7ocuklar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkileri d\u00fczenleyen h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re gereken \u00f6nlemleri al\u0131r\u201d<\/p>\n

Madde metninden de a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z tedbir nafakas\u0131, birlikte ya\u015fama ara verilmesi sebebi ile ayr\u0131 ya\u015famakta hakl\u0131 olan e\u015fe verilen bir nafaka t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z tedbir nafakas\u0131 TMK 169\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen tedbir nafakas\u0131 ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lsa da ayn\u0131 de\u011fildir. Zira169\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen tedbir nafakas\u0131 metninde \u201cbar\u0131nmas\u0131na, ge\u00e7imine, e\u015flerin mallar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netimine ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n bak\u0131m ve korunmas\u0131na\u201d ibareleri yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu sebeple tedbir nafakas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 kalan e\u015fin maddi durumunun bo\u015fanma sebebi ile zora d\u00fc\u015fmesi gerekmektedir.
\norhaneli olgun escort<\/a><\/p>\n

Ancak ayn\u0131 durum ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z tedbir nafakas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli de\u011fildir. Ayr\u0131 ya\u015famakta hakl\u0131 olan e\u015f, birlikte ya\u015famaya ara verilmesi sebebi ile ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z tedbir nafakas\u0131 talep eder. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z nafakan\u0131n talebi ve sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan tek \u015fart, ayr\u0131 ya\u015famada hakl\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131 ya\u015famada hakl\u0131l\u0131k ise, TMK 197\u2019nin ilk paragraf\u0131nda, \u201cE\u015flerden biri, ortak hayat sebebiyle ki\u015fili\u011fi, ekonomik g\u00fcvenli\u011fi veya ailenin huzuru cidd\u00ee bi\u00e7imde tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00fcrece\u2026\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile bo\u015fanma davas\u0131nda hakl\u0131l\u0131k<\/p>\n

ile ayr\u0131 ya\u015famada hakl\u0131l\u0131k ayn\u0131 \u015fey de\u011fildir. Zira bo\u015fanmada kusurlu olan taraf ayr\u0131 ya\u015famak konusunda hakl\u0131 olabilir ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z nafaka talep edebilir.<\/p>\n

Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z tedbir nafakas\u0131, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilen 2021 tarihli Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu karar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde net bir \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z tedbir nafakas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda genel bir bilgilendirme yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Konu hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi sahibi olmak i\u00e7in alan\u0131nda uzman ki\u015filerden dan\u0131\u015fma ve yard\u0131m al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

YARGITAY (*)<\/strong><\/p>\n

HUKUK GENEL KURULU<\/strong><\/p>\n

Esas Numaras\u0131: 2017\/2-2415<\/strong><\/p>\n

Karar Numaras\u0131: 2021\/347<\/strong><\/p>\n

Karar Tarihi: 25.03.2021<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Taraflar aras\u0131ndaki \u201cba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z tedbir nafakas\u0131 ve bo\u015fanma\u201d davalar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda, \u0130stanbul 8. Aile Mahkemesince verilen tedbir nafakas\u0131n\u0131n ortak \u00e7ocuk yarar\u0131na kabul\u00fcne davac\u0131 kad\u0131n y\u00f6n\u00fcnden reddine; bo\u015fanma davas\u0131n\u0131n da reddine ili\u015fkin karar, taraf vekillerinin temyizi \u00fczerine Yarg\u0131tay 2. Hukuk Dairesince yap\u0131lan inceleme sonunda bozulmu\u015f, Mahkemece \u00d6zel Daire bozma karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 direnilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

2. Direnme karar\u0131 davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131 vekili taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

3. Hukuk Genel Kurulunca dosyadaki belgeler incelendikten sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n

YARGILAMA S\u00dcREC\u0130<\/p>\n

Davac\u0131-Kar\u015f\u0131 Daval\u0131 \u0130stemi:<\/p>\n

4. Davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131 vekili 04.07.2012 tarihli dava dilek\u00e7esinde; taraflar\u0131n 10.12.2005 tarihinde evlendiklerini, 2009 do\u011fumlu K.. isimli bir \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyaya geldi\u011fini, daval\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fumdan sonra birlik g\u00f6revlerini yerine getirmedi\u011fini, evine ve \u00e7ocu\u011funa bakmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, m\u00fcvekkilinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ak\u015famlar\u0131 eve ge\u00e7 geldi\u011fini, baz\u0131 ak\u015famlar hi\u00e7 gelmedi\u011fini, sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131 davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrerek m\u00fcvekkili ve ortak \u00e7ocuk yarar\u0131na ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 4,000 TL olmak \u00fczere toplamda 8.000 TL tedbir nafakas\u0131 \u00f6denmesine karar verilmesini talep ve dava etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Daval\u0131-Kar\u015f\u0131 Davac\u0131 \u0130stemi:<\/p>\n

5. Daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131 30.07.2012 tarihli kar\u015f\u0131 dava dilek\u00e7esinde; taraflar\u0131n 10.12.2005 tarihinde evlendiklerini, her iki taraf\u0131n da ikinci evlilikleri oldu\u011funu ve \u00f6nceki evliliklerinden birer tane \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funu, kad\u0131n e\u015fin m\u00fcvekkiline ekonomik anlamda bask\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ilk e\u015finden olan o\u011flunu eve kabul etmedi\u011fini, bu nedenle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocu\u011fun psikolojik y\u00f6nden etkilendi\u011fini, pedagog yard\u0131m\u0131 almak zorunda kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, davac\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrekli huzursuzluk verici davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na devam etti\u011fini, iki ayr\u0131 kuyumcu \u015firketinde ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funu, ekonomik anlamda \u00e7ok iyi durumdu oldu\u011funu, s\u0131k s\u0131k yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 seyahatine kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, t\u00fcm bunlara ra\u011fmen ailenin ge\u00e7imine katk\u0131da bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kad\u0131n e\u015fin gelir elde etmesi ve ayr\u0131ca sahip oldu\u011fu mal varl\u0131klar\u0131<\/p>\n

g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde nafaka talep edemeyece\u011fini belirterek as\u0131l davan\u0131n reddine, kar\u015f\u0131 davan\u0131n kabul\u00fc ile taraflar\u0131n bo\u015fanmalar\u0131na, m\u00fcvekkili yarar\u0131na 20,000 TL manevi tazminat \u00f6denmesine karar verilmesini talep ve dava etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Mahkeme Karar\u0131:<\/p>\n

6. \u0130stanbul 8. Aile Mahkemesinin 26.12.2013 tarihli ve 2012\/480 E., 2013\/858 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile; evlilik birli\u011fi i\u00e7erisinde erkek e\u015fin; e\u015fi ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ile ilgilenmeyerek g\u00fcven sars\u0131c\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla tam kusurlu oldu\u011fu, kad\u0131n e\u015fe ise y\u00fcklenebilecek kusurlu bir davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle erkek e\u015fin bo\u015fanma davas\u0131n\u0131n reddine, kad\u0131n e\u015f aleyhine a\u00e7\u0131lan bo\u015fanma davas\u0131n\u0131n niteli\u011finden kaynakl\u0131 03.05.2013 tarihli celsede yarar\u0131na h\u00fckmedilen ayl\u0131k 500,00 TL tedbir nafakas\u0131n\u0131n karar tarihi itibari ile sona erdirilmesine, kad\u0131n e\u015fin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z tedbir nafakas\u0131 davas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lamada ise; kad\u0131n e\u015fin her ne kadar ayr\u0131 ya\u015famakta hakl\u0131 oldu\u011fu ispatlanm\u0131\u015f ise de sabit ve d\u00fczenli gelirinin olmas\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131n\u0131n kendi ad\u0131na talep etmi\u015f oldu\u011fu TMK\u2019n\u0131n 197. maddesine dayal\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z tedbir nafakas\u0131 talebinin reddine, ortak \u00e7ocuk yarar\u0131na ise tahsilde tekerr\u00fcr olmamak kayd\u0131yla ayl\u0131k 2.500,00 TL tedbir nafakas\u0131 \u00f6denmesine karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zel Daire Bozma Karar\u0131:<\/p>\n

7. Yarg\u0131tay 2. Hukuk Dairesinin 28.09.2015 tarihli ve 2015\/2707 E., 2015\/16596 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile;<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0… H\u00fck\u00fcm davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan, kar\u015f\u0131 davan\u0131n ret gerek\u00e7esi, \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in h\u00fckmedilen nafakan\u0131n miktar\u0131 ve kendisinin nafaka talebinin reddi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden, daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ise, kar\u015f\u0131 bo\u015fanma davas\u0131, \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in h\u00fckmedilen nafakan\u0131n miktar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden temyiz edilmekle, evrak okunup gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n

\u00b7 Dosyadaki yaz\u0131lara, karar\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 delillerle kanuna uygun sebeplere ve \u00f6zellikle delillerin takdirinde bir yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclmemesine g\u00f6re, daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131(n\u0131n) t\u00fcm, davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131(n\u0131n) ise, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki bendin kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan temyiz itirazlar\u0131 yersizdir.<\/p>\n

\u00b7 Yap\u0131lan soru\u015fturma ve toplanan delillerden, davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131 (kad\u0131n) ayr\u0131 ya\u015famakta hakl\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Birlikte ya\u015famaya ara verilmesinin hakl\u0131 sebebe dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 mahkemece de kabul edilmi\u015f, ancak davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131(n\u0131n) geliri mevcut oldu\u011fundan nafaka talebi reddedilmi\u015ftir. Kanun, birlikte ya\u015famaya ara verilmesinin hakl\u0131 sebebe dayanmas\u0131 halinde, e\u015flerden birinin istemi \u00fczerine, birinin di\u011ferine yapaca\u011f\u0131 parasal katk\u0131ya ili\u015fkin \u00f6nlemlerin al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir (TMK. m. 197\/2). Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmde, ayr\u0131 ya\u015famakta hakl\u0131 olan e\u015fin di\u011ferinden parasal katk\u0131 isteyebilmesi i\u00e7in \u00ab\u00a0gelirinin bulunmamas\u0131\u201d unsuruna yer verilmemi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131(n\u0131n) gelirinin bulunmas\u0131, T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanununun 197’nci maddesine g\u00f6re, lehine nafaka tayinine engel de\u011fildir. Bu e\u015fin gelirinin bulunmas\u0131, tayin olunacak nafakan\u0131n miktar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemede nazara al\u0131nabilir. Davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131 ya\u015famakta hakl\u0131 oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fine g\u00f6re, lehine uygun miktarda tedbir nafakas\u0131 tayini gerekirken, iste\u011fin reddi do\u011fru bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r,…\u201d gerek\u00e7esiyle karar oy \u00e7oklu\u011fuyla bozulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Direnme Karar\u0131:<\/p>\n

8. \u0130stanbul 8. Aile Mahkemesinin 15.03.2016 tarihli ve 2015\/882 E., 2016\/178 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile bozma \u00f6ncesi kararda yer alan gerek\u00e7enin yan\u0131nda; ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z tedbir nafakas\u0131 ve kar\u015f\u0131 bo\u015fanma davas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lamalara ili\u015fkin kad\u0131n e\u015fin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z tedbir nafakas\u0131<\/p>\n

davas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bozma karar\u0131 verilmi\u015f ise dava dilek\u00e7esinin \u00fc\u00e7 numaral\u0131 bendinde davac\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flayarak evin ge\u00e7imine katk\u0131da bulundu\u011fu ve ki\u015fisel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirtildi\u011fi, iki adet kuyumculuk \u015firketinde hissesinin oldu\u011fu, \u00e7ocuk yarar\u0131na da tedbir nafakas\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle y\u00fcksek miktarda geliri ve mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan kad\u0131n e\u015fin tedbir nafakas\u0131 talebinin reddinin do\u011fru oldu\u011fu belirtilerek direnme karar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Direnme Karar\u0131n\u0131n Temyizi:<\/p>\n

9. Direnme karar\u0131 yasal s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131 vekilince temyiz edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

II. UYU\u015eMAZLIK<\/p>\n

10. Direnme yolu ile Hukuk Genel Kurulu \u00f6n\u00fcne gelen uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k; davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131 kad\u0131n e\u015fin ayr\u0131 ya\u015famada hakl\u0131 oldu\u011funu ispat etmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, taraflar\u0131n ekonomik ve sosyal durumlar\u0131 g\u00f6zetilmeksizin, T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun 197. maddesi uyar\u0131nca a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z tedbir nafakas\u0131 davas\u0131nda yarar\u0131na uygun miktarda tedbir nafakas\u0131na h\u00fckmedilmesinin gerekip gerekmedi\u011fi noktas\u0131nda toplanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

III. GEREK\u00c7E<\/p>\n

11. Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ilgili yasal d\u00fczenleme ve kavramlar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131nda yarar g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

12. Evlilik birli\u011fi hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler temeline dayal\u0131 olan bir hayat ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feklinde tarif edilmekte olup, e\u015fler evlilik birli\u011fi s\u00fcresince e\u015fit haklara sahip bulunurlar. Bunun do\u011fal sonucu olarak e\u015flerden biri i\u00e7in hak olan di\u011fer e\u015f i\u00e7in y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck olu\u015fturur. Birli\u011fin devam\u0131 s\u00fcresince e\u015flerin birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 olan hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri di\u011fer bir ifadeyle evlili\u011fin temel normu 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun (TMK) 185. maddesi ile d\u00fczenleme alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte evlili\u011fin genel h\u00fck\u00fcmleri kapsam\u0131nda e\u015flerin kendi aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerden do\u011fan haklar\u0131n ihlali ayn\u0131 zamanda bo\u015fanma davas\u0131n\u0131n konusunu olu\u015fturur. TMK ile d\u00fczenleme alt\u0131na al\u0131nan h\u00fck\u00fcmler uyar\u0131nca e\u015fler evlilik birli\u011finin kurulmas\u0131 ile birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131; birlikte ya\u015fama, oturacaklar\u0131 konutu se\u00e7me, birli\u011fi y\u00f6netme, kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nceki soyad\u0131n\u0131 kullanma, birli\u011fi temsil ve son olarak meslek veya i\u015f se\u00e7imi konular\u0131nda hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklere sahip olurlar ve sahip olduklar\u0131 bu hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri birli\u011fin sona erme an\u0131na kadar devam eder.<\/p>\n

13. TMK\u2019n\u0131n 185. maddesine g\u00f6re \u201cEvlenmeyle e\u015fler aras\u0131nda evlilik birli\u011fi kurulmu\u015f olur. E\u015fler, bu birli\u011fin mutlulu\u011funu elbirli\u011fiyle sa\u011flamak ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n bak\u0131m\u0131na, e\u011fitim ve g\u00f6zetimine beraberce \u00f6zen g\u00f6stermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcrler. E\u015fler birlikte ya\u015famak, birbirine sad\u0131k kalmak ve yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak zorundad\u0131rlar\u00a0\u00bb, 186. maddesine g\u00f6re de \u201cE\u015fler oturacaklar\u0131 konutu birlikte se\u00e7erler. Birli\u011fi e\u015fler beraberce y\u00f6netirler. E\u015fler birli\u011fin giderlerine g\u00fc\u00e7leri oran\u0131nda emek ve malvarl\u0131klar\u0131 ile kat\u0131l\u0131rlar\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

14. E\u015fler; varsa \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ile birlikte ortak konut kavram\u0131 ile a\u00e7\u0131klanan ve bar\u0131nma amac\u0131 ile kullanmakta olduklar\u0131 konut veya konutlarda birlikte ya\u015famak, birbirlerine sad\u0131k kalmak, yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak ve birli\u011fin giderlerine g\u00fc\u00e7leri oran\u0131nda kat\u0131lmak zorundad\u0131rlar. Bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini hakl\u0131 bir sebep olmaks\u0131z\u0131n yerine getirmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nan e\u015fin h\u00e2kim m\u00fcdahalesi ile yasal yapt\u0131r\u0131ma maruz kalaca\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

15. Bahsedilen yapt\u0131r\u0131mlardan biri de TMK\u2019n\u0131n \u201cBirlikte ya\u015famaya ara verilmesi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 197. maddesinde d\u00fczenleme alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, maddede;<\/p>\n

\u201cE\u015flerden biri, ortak hayat sebebiyle ki\u015fili\u011fi, ekonomik g\u00fcvenli\u011fi veya ailenin huzuru ciddi bi\u00e7imde tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00fcrece ayr\u0131 ya\u015fama hakk\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>\n

Birlikte ya\u015famaya ara verilmesi hakl\u0131 bir sebebe dayan\u0131yorsa h\u00e2kim, e\u015flerden birinin istemi \u00fczerine birinin di\u011ferine yapaca\u011f\u0131 parasal katk\u0131ya, konut ve ev e\u015fyas\u0131ndan yararlanmaya ve e\u015flerin mallar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netimine ili\u015fkin \u00f6nlemleri al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

E\u015flerden biri, hakl\u0131 bir sebep olmaks\u0131z\u0131n di\u011ferinin birlikte ya\u015famaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131 veya ortak hayat\u0131n ba\u015fka bir sebeple olanaks\u0131z hale gelmesi \u00fczerine de yukar\u0131daki istemlerde bulunabilir.<\/p>\n

E\u015flerin ergin olmayan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 varsa h\u00e2kim, ana ve baba ile \u00e7ocuklar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkileri d\u00fczenleyen h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re gereken \u00f6nlemleri al\u0131r\u00a0\u00bb h\u00fckm\u00fc \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

16. Evlilik birli\u011fi kurulduktan sonra, birlik ilkesinin do\u011fal sonucu olarak e\u015fler kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015f, sayg\u0131, sevgi ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc i\u00e7inde birlikte ya\u015famak zorunda iseler de, an\u0131lan maddede bunun her zaman m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetilerek ailenin korunmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00f6nlemler d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

17. Tedbir nafakas\u0131 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re e\u015fe iki \u015fekilde verilmektedir. Bunlardan ilki birlikte ya\u015famaya ara verilmesi sebebiyle e\u015fe verilen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z tedbir nafakas\u0131 (TMK m. 197) iken di\u011feri bo\u015fanma veya ayr\u0131l\u0131k davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131nca davan\u0131n devam\u0131 s\u00fcresince ge\u00e7ici \u00f6nlem olarak e\u015fe verilen ge\u00e7ici tedbir (TMK m. 169) nafakas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

18. Birlikte ya\u015famaya ara verilmesi hakl\u0131 bir sebebe dayan\u0131yorsa, e\u015flerden birinin hakl\u0131 bir sebep olmaks\u0131z\u0131n birlikte ya\u015famaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131 veya ortak hayat\u0131n ba\u015fka bir sebeple olanaks\u0131z h\u00e2le gelmesi \u00fczerine h\u00e2kim; e\u015flerden birinin istemiyle, di\u011fer e\u015fe bir miktar parasal katk\u0131 yapmas\u0131na karar verir. Uygulamada TMK\u2019n\u0131n 197. h\u00fckm\u00fcne g\u00f6re gerek e\u015f ve gerekse ergin olmayan \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen bu parasal katk\u0131ya ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z tedbir nafakas\u0131 denilmektedir. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle; birlikte ya\u015famaya ortak olmayan iradeyle ara verilmesi h\u00e2linde, ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecek istem \u00fczerine, h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lacak olan \u00f6zel m\u00fcdahalenin bir \u015fekli d\u00fczenleme konusu yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

19. \u00d6te yandan, e\u015fin ayr\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z tedbir nafakas\u0131 ayr\u0131 ya\u015famada hakl\u0131l\u0131k varsa verilebilir. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z tedbir nafakas\u0131 davas\u0131nda kural olarak taraflar\u0131n kusur durumu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc olarak al\u0131namaz. Tedbir nafakas\u0131 istenen e\u015f kusursuz olsa bile, di\u011fer ko\u015fullar ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015fse tedbir nafakas\u0131 verilebilir. Ba\u015fka bir anlat\u0131mla ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z tedbir nafakas\u0131 davas\u0131nda dikkate al\u0131nacak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc; taraflar\u0131n kusur durumlar\u0131 de\u011fil, nafakay\u0131 talep eden e\u015fin ayr\u0131 ya\u015famada hakl\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

20. T\u00fcm bu hususlar birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde somut olayda; taraflar\u0131n 10.12.2005 tarihinde evlendikleri, bu evlilikten bir \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu, taraflar aras\u0131ndaki fiil\u00ee ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n erkek e\u015fin ortak konutu terk etmesi nedeniyle ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kad\u0131n e\u015fin bunun \u00fczerine 04.07.2012 tarihinde eldeki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z tedbir nafakas\u0131 davas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131, erke\u011fin ise as\u0131l davaya kar\u015f\u0131 30.07.2012 tarihinde bo\u015fanma talepli kar\u015f\u0131 dava a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131, yerel mahkemece belirlenen ve \u00d6zel Dairenin onama karar\u0131yla kesinle\u015fen kusur durumuna g\u00f6re erkek e\u015fin e\u015fi ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131yla ilgilenmedi\u011fi ayr\u0131ca g\u00fcven sars\u0131c\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 nedeniyle tam kusurlu oldu\u011fu, bu nedenle a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f bulundu\u011fu kar\u015f\u0131 bo\u015fanma davas\u0131n\u0131n reddedildi\u011fi, taraflar\u0131n hukuken h\u00e2len evli olduklar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re; erkek e\u015fin hakl\u0131 bir sebebi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, ortak konuttan ayr\u0131larak, e\u015flerin varsa \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ile birlikte ya\u015famak, birbirlerine sad\u0131k kalmak, yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak ve birli\u011fin giderlerine g\u00fc\u00e7leri oran\u0131nda kat\u0131lmak \u015feklinde d\u00fczenleme alt\u0131na al\u0131nan yasal y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Hakl\u0131 bir sebep olmaks\u0131z\u0131n e\u015flerden birinin tek tarafl\u0131 iradesi ile birlikte ya\u015famaya ara vermesi evlili\u011fin genel h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ile d\u00fczenleme alt\u0131na al\u0131nan ve e\u015flerin birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 evlilik birli\u011finin kurulmas\u0131 ile \u00fcstlendikleri hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri ortadan kald\u0131rmaz. Dosya kapsam\u0131 bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde hakl\u0131 bir sebep olmaks\u0131z\u0131n birlikte ya\u015famaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nan<\/p>\n

erkek e\u015f kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, ayr\u0131 ya\u015famak zorunda kalan kad\u0131n\u0131n, TMK\u2019n\u0131n 197. maddesine g\u00f6re e\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 birli\u011fe parasal katk\u0131 isteme hakk\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetilmeksizin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z tedbir nafakas\u0131 talebinin reddine karar verilmesi bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

21. Her ne kadar mahkemece y\u00fcksek miktarda geliri ve mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle kad\u0131n e\u015fin tedbir nafakas\u0131 talebinin reddine karar verilmi\u015f ise de; TMK\u2019n\u0131n 197. maddesinin evlilik birli\u011finin y\u00fckledi\u011fi hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcklere ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranan e\u015f hakk\u0131nda h\u00e2kim m\u00fcdahalesinin d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi \u00f6zel bir h\u00fck\u00fcm oldu\u011fu, maddenin as\u0131l amac\u0131n\u0131n evlilik birli\u011fi devam eden e\u015fler aras\u0131nda birlikte ya\u015famaya ara verilmesi h\u00e2linde haks\u0131z olan e\u015fin hakl\u0131 olan e\u015fe kar\u015f\u0131 birlik y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini yerine getirmesinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 hedefledi\u011fi, a\u00e7\u0131klanan t\u00fcm bu sebeplerle taraflar\u0131n ekonomik ve sosyal d\u00fczeylerinin, davan\u0131n kabul\u00fc noktas\u0131nda de\u011fil ancak takdir edilecek nafakan\u0131n miktar\u0131nda \u00f6nem arz etti\u011fi dikkate al\u0131narak mahkemece kad\u0131n e\u015f yarar\u0131na uygun miktarda tedbir nafakas\u0131na h\u00fckmedilmesi gerekirken nafaka talebinin t\u00fcmden reddine karar verilmesi usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

22. Hukuk Genel Kurulunda yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler s\u0131ras\u0131nda mahkemece verilen direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n onanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, direnme gerek\u00e7esinin isabetli oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de, bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f Kurul \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funca yukar\u0131da belirtilen nedenlerle benimsenmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

23. O h\u00e2lde, Hukuk Genel Kurulunca da benimsenen \u00d6zel Daire bozma karar\u0131na uyulmas\u0131 gerekirken \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmesi usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

24. Bu nedenle direnme karar\u0131 bozulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

IV. SONU\u00c7:<\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle;<\/p>\n

Davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131 vekilinin temyiz itiraz\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc ile direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6zel Daire bozma karar\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilen nedenlerden dolay\u0131 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019na eklenen \u201cGe\u00e7ici Madde 3\u201d atf\u0131yla uygulanmakta olan 1086 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Usul\u00fc Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019nun 429. maddesi gere\u011fince BOZULMASINA,<\/p>\n

\u0130stek h\u00e2linde temyiz pe\u015fin harc\u0131n\u0131n yat\u0131rana geri verilmesine,<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 440. maddesi uyar\u0131nca karar\u0131n tebli\u011f tarihinden itibaren on be\u015f g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde karar d\u00fczeltme yolu a\u00e7\u0131k olmak \u00fczere, 25.03.2021 tarihinde oy \u00e7oklu\u011fu ile karar verildi. *(Yaz\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7erisinde incelenmi\u015f olan karara www.legalbank.net sitesi \u00fczerinden eri\u015filmi\u015ftir.) Yazar\u0131n Notu: \u0130\u015f bu i\u00e7erik, taraf\u0131m\u0131zca 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda www.edinimhukuk.com sitesinde de yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Pakize Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u00a0 \/\u00a0 AVRUPAPRESS<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pakize Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u00a0 \/\u00a0 AVRUPAPRESS Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda h\u00fckmedilebilen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z tedbir nafakas\u0131n\u0131 incelenecek ard\u0131ndan Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu taraf\u0131ndan bu konuda verilmi\u015f 2021 tarihli karara yer verilecektir. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z tedbir nafakas\u0131 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun(TMK) 197. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Madde metni \u015fu \u015fekildedir: \u201cE\u015flerden biri, ortak hayat sebebiyle ki\u015fili\u011fi, ekonomik g\u00fcvenli\u011fi veya ailenin huzuru cidd\u00ee […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":21527,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,16,3,17,18,15,19,2,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21523","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-avrupa","category-belcika","category-dunya","category-ekonomi","category-kultur-sanat","category-spor","category-tanitim","category-turkiye","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nBA\u011eIMSIZ TEDB\u0130R NAFAKASI - AvrupaPress<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/avrupapress.com\/main\/2023\/01\/27\/bagimsiz-tedbir-nafakasi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"BA\u011eIMSIZ TEDB\u0130R NAFAKASI - AvrupaPress\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pakize Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u00a0 \/\u00a0 AVRUPAPRESS Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda h\u00fckmedilebilen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z tedbir nafakas\u0131n\u0131 incelenecek ard\u0131ndan Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu taraf\u0131ndan bu konuda verilmi\u015f 2021 tarihli karara yer verilecektir. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z tedbir nafakas\u0131 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun(TMK) 197. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. 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