Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler G\u0131da ve Tar\u0131m \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc’n\u00fcn (FAO)\u00a09 Ekim’de a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 G\u0131da ve Tar\u0131m\u0131n Durumu 2017 Raporu’na g\u00f6re, geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in kalk\u0131nman\u0131n yolu k\u0131rsaldan ge\u00e7iyor. Geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin anahtar\u0131 uzun y\u0131llar yoksullu\u011fun sebebi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen k\u0131rsal b\u00f6lgeler oldu\u011fu belirtilen raporda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck aile \u00e7ift\u00e7ili\u011finin desteklenmesi isteniyor…<\/p>\n
Geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde gelecek y\u0131llarda, i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131lmaya haz\u0131r milyonlarca gen\u00e7 insan\u0131n yoksulluktan kurtulmak i\u00e7in k\u0131rsal b\u00f6lgeleri terk etmesine gerek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilen raporda: \u00ab\u00a0Ancak daha gen\u00e7 ve kalabal\u0131k bir gezegenin beslenmesi ve istihdam\u0131na yard\u0131m etmek i\u00e7in k\u0131rsal b\u00f6lgelerin potansiyellerini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karacak \u00e7ok geni\u015f ve k\u00f6kl\u00fc d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmler gerekiyor\u00a0\u00bb bilgisine yer verildi.<\/p>\n
K\u0131rsal b\u00f6lgelerin, g\u0131da \u00fcretimi ile ilgili sabitlenmi\u015f ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme i\u00e7in geni\u015f bir potansiyel oldu\u011fu vurgulanan raporda \u00f6zetle \u015fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere yer verildi: \u00ab\u00a0D\u00fcnyadaki yoksul ve a\u00e7 insanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu bu b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u015farken, 2030 kalk\u0131nma g\u00fcndeminin ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fmas\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu zaman ihmal edilen bu potansiyelin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olacak.\u00a0Bunu yapmak; ge\u00e7imlik tar\u0131mda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck verimlilik, bir\u00e7ok yerde s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 end\u00fcstrile\u015fme, h\u0131zl\u0131 n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve \u015fehirle\u015fmeden olu\u015fan olduk\u00e7a zorlu bir bile\u015fimin \u00fcstesinden gelmeyi gerektiriyor. Bunlar\u0131n hepsi geli\u015fmekte olan milletlerin kendini besleme ve yurtta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 istihdam etme konular\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck zorluklar olu\u015fturuyor.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n
\u015eehirlerin g\u0131da talebi ve k\u0131rsala etkileri<\/strong><\/p>\n G\u0131da ve Tar\u0131m\u0131n Durumu raporunda; k\u0131rsal ekonomilerde ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerin, g\u0131da sistemlerini \u00e7e\u015fitlendirmek ve \u00e7iftlik d\u0131\u015f\u0131 tar\u0131ma ba\u011fl\u0131 faaliyetlerde yeni ekonomik f\u0131rsatlar yaratmak i\u00e7in kentsel b\u00f6lgelerde artan g\u0131da talebini harekete ge\u00e7irilebilece\u011fi ifade ediliyor.Raporda: \u00a0\u00bb Bu; i\u015fleyen veya ar\u0131tan, paketleyen veya ta\u015f\u0131yan ve g\u0131day\u0131 depolayan, pazarlayan veya satan i\u015fletmelerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra tohum, ara\u00e7 gere\u00e7 ve g\u00fcbre veya sulama veya di\u011fer hizmetlere dair \u00fcretim girdilerini arz eden i\u015fyerlerini i\u00e7eriyor. Kentlerdeki g\u0131da pazarlar\u0131ndan gelen giderek artan talebin \u015fu an ulusal g\u0131da arz\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 70’ine kadar\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcketiyor. Bu geni\u015f k\u0131rsal n\u00fcfusa sahip \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in bile ge\u00e7erli.\u00a0\u00bb bilgisine yer verildi.<\/p>\n K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck aile \u00e7ift\u00e7ili\u011fi desteklenmeli<\/strong><\/p>\n \u015eehirle\u015fmenin bir taraftan tar\u0131m i\u00e7in \u00ab\u00a0alt\u0131n bir f\u0131rsat\u00a0\u00bb sa\u011flarken di\u011fer taraftan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli milyonlarca aile \u00e7ift\u00e7ileri i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck zorluklar\u0131 da beraberinde getirdi\u011fi belirtilen Raporda,daha fazla kar getiren pazarlar g\u0131da \u00fcretiminin b\u00fcy\u00fck ticari \u00e7iftliklerde yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131na; tedarik zincirlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fleyiciler ve perakendeciler taraf\u0131ndan kontrol edilmesine ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7iftlik sahiplerinin d\u0131\u015far\u0131da b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fi uyar\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck aile \u00e7ift\u00e7ili\u011finin \u00f6nemine de\u011finilen raporda, \u00ab\u00a0Destekleyici kamu politikalar\u0131 ve yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131; d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc ve adil b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin bir motoru olarak kentsel talebi dizginlemenin anahtar\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli aile \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerinin pazara kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 garanti alt\u0131na alacak tedbirler bu politikalarda \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131 \u015fekilde yer almal\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0\u00bb g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc dile getirildi.<\/p>\n \u00dc\u00e7 eylem plan\u0131 \u00f6nerisi<\/strong><\/p>\n Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler G\u0131da ve Tar\u0131m \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc’n\u00fcn (FAO) G\u0131da ve Tar\u0131m\u0131n Durumu 2017 Raporu’nda \u00f6nerilen 3 eylem plan\u0131\u00a0ise \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/p>\n \u00ab\u00a0Birincisi<\/strong>; k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u00fcreticilerin kentsel g\u0131da talebini kar\u015f\u0131lamaya tamamen kat\u0131labilmelerini garanti alt\u0131na alacak birtak\u0131m politikalar\u0131n devreye sokulmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eriyor. Arazi kullan\u0131m haklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecek, tedarik s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde e\u015fitli\u011fi sa\u011flayacak veya krediye eri\u015fimi iyile\u015ftirecek tedbirler ba\u015fl\u0131ca birka\u00e7 se\u00e7ene\u011fi olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n \u0130kincisi<\/strong>; k\u0131rsal ve kentsel pazarlar\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayacak gerekli altyap\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131. Bir\u00e7ok geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkede k\u0131rsal yollar, elektrik nakil hatlar\u0131 \u015febekeleri, depolama imkanlar\u0131 ve so\u011fuk ta\u015f\u0131ma sistemlerinin eksikli\u011fi; kentlerdeki taze sebze, meyve, et ve s\u00fct \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine talebi \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin avantajlar\u0131na \u00e7evirmelerine b\u00fcy\u00fck bir engel te\u015fkil ediyor.<\/p>\n \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc<\/strong>\u00a0ise, mega kentlerin k\u0131rsal-\u015fehirsel ekonomilere daha iyi ba\u011flanmalar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, kentsel alanlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda daha yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u00f6rg\u00fcy\u00fc kaps\u0131yor. Rapor k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kentsel merkezlerin daha fazla g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015f g\u0131da pazarlar\u0131n\u0131 temsil etti\u011finin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7iziyor. Geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde kent sakinlerinin yar\u0131s\u0131 500 binden daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck n\u00fcfuslu \u015fehir ve kasabalarda ya\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n K\u0131rsal\u0131n stratejik \u00f6nemi\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Rapor; canl\u0131 g\u0131da sistemleri in\u015fa etmek ve \u00f6zellikle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve orta \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u015fehirler gibi kentsel alanlara ba\u011fl\u0131 tar\u0131msal sanayileri desteklemek i\u00e7in k\u0131rsal b\u00f6lgelere politika deste\u011fi ve yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 hedeflemenin stratejik bir hamle olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurguluyor; \u00f6yle bir giri\u015fimin neden k\u0131rsal b\u00f6lgelerde istihdam yarataca\u011f\u0131, daha fazla insan\u0131n yerinde kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 ve insanlar\u0131n geli\u015fimine katk\u0131da bulunaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemine dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.rapora g\u00f6re, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclen k\u0131rsal ekonomiler insanlar\u0131n yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmesine yol a\u00e7an t\u00fcm bask\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zen her derde deva bir ila\u00e7 olmayacak, ancak ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan i\u015flerin \u00e7o\u011funu \u00fcretecek ve g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc, bir zorunluluk olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p bir se\u00e7ene\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeye katk\u0131da bulunacak.<\/p>\n K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u015fehir ve kasabalar\u0131n k\u0131rsal i\u00e7in \u00f6nemi<\/strong><\/p>\n FAO Genel Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc General Jos\u00e9 Graziano da Silva raporun \u00f6ns\u00fcz\u00fcnde \u00ab\u00a0Bu durum politika yap\u0131c\u0131lar ve planlamac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ok s\u0131k ihmal edilmi\u015ftir: K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u015fehirlerin ve kasabalar\u0131n b\u00f6lgesel a\u011flar\u0131 k\u0131rsal insanlar i\u00e7in referans noktas\u0131d\u0131r\u2014bu a\u011flar, buradaki insanlar\u0131n tohumlar\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 okula g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve di\u011fer hizmetlere ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerdir.\u00a0\u00bb diye yazd\u0131.<\/p>\n FAO Genel Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc \u00ab\u00a0Politika yap\u0131c\u0131lar; k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u015fehirlerin ve kasabalar\u0131n k\u0131rsal-\u015fehir ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131na arac\u0131l\u0131k etmek ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u00e7ift\u00e7ilere \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini pazarlamak ve ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin faydalar\u0131ndan pay almalar\u0131 i\u00e7in daha fazla f\u0131rsatlar sa\u011flamada harekete ge\u00e7irici olumlu bir rolleri oldu\u011funu kabul etmeli.\u00a0\u00bb diye ekledi.<\/p>\n Temel veriler:<\/strong><\/p>\n –<\/strong>\u00a0K\u0131rsal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm 1990’lardan bu yana ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor; bu tarihten itibaren k\u0131rsalda ya\u015fayan 750 milyon ilave insan g\u00fcnl\u00fck ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131 3,1 Amerikan Dolar\u0131 olan makul yoksulluk s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde gelire sahip.<\/p>\n –<\/strong>\u00a01960’ta geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerin n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczde 22’si (460 milyon insan) \u015fehirlerde ve kasabalarda ya\u015farken bu oran 2015’te y\u00fczde 49’a (3 milyar insan) y\u00fckseldi.<\/p>\n –<\/strong>\u00a0Geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerin k\u0131rsal n\u00fcfusu 1960 (1,6 milyar insan) ile 2015 (3,1 milyar insan) aras\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,5 milyar artt\u0131.<\/p>\n –<\/strong>\u00a0G\u00fcney Asya’da 1 milyon ve Sahra Alt\u0131 Afrika’da 2,2 milyon gen\u00e7 insan 2010 ile 2015 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda i\u015f piyasas\u0131na girdi.<\/p>\n –<\/strong>\u00a0N\u00fcfusu 5-10 milyon aras\u0131nda olan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirler ve n\u00fcfusu 10 milyondan fazla olan mega kentlerin sakinleri d\u00fcnyan\u0131n kent n\u00fcfusunun sadece yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 20’sini olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n –\u00a0<\/strong>Geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde \u00e7o\u011fu kentsel alan g\u00f6rece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. Kentsel n\u00fcfusun yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 50’si bu da 1,45 milyar insan demek\u2014n\u00fcfusu 500 binden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u015fehir ve kasabalarda ya\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n –<\/strong>\u00a0Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131 n\u00fcfusu 500 binden az \u015fehirlerde veya onu \u00e7evreleyen k\u0131rsal alanlarda ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n –<\/strong>\u00a0K\u00fcresel olarak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kentsel alanlar g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kentsel g\u0131da talebinin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 60’n\u0131 te\u015fkil ediyor.<\/p>\n –<\/strong>\u00a02030 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n az geli\u015fmi\u015f b\u00f6lgelerindeki kentsel n\u00fcfus 4 milyar olacak. –\u00a0<\/strong>2030’da d\u00fcnya kent n\u00fcfusunun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu 1 milyondan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck n\u00fcfuslu \u015fehirlerde bulunacak; bunlardan y\u00fczde 80’i 500 binden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck n\u00fcfuslu \u015fehirlerde ya\u015fayacak.<\/p>\n –<\/strong>\u00a0Sahra Alt\u0131 Afrika’daki kentsel g\u0131da pazar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011feri 2010-2030 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimalle 4 kat artarak 313 milyon Amerikan dolar\u0131ndan 1 trilyon Amerikan dolar\u0131na ula\u015facak.<\/p>\n –<\/strong>\u00a0Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcney Afrika’da g\u0131da pazar\u0131ndan al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f yapan \u015fehirli t\u00fcketicilerin pay\u0131 \u015fimdiden y\u00fczde 52 ve bunun 2040 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fczde 67’ye y\u00fckselmesi bekleniyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck aile \u00e7ift\u00e7ili\u011finin desteklenmesini \u00f6neren Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler G\u0131da ve Tar\u0131m \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc, \u015fehirle\u015fmenin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli milyonlarca aile \u00e7iftli\u011fi i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck zorluklar\u0131 beraberinde getirdi\u011fini bildirdi. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler G\u0131da ve Tar\u0131m \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc’n\u00fcn (FAO)\u00a09 Ekim’de a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 G\u0131da ve Tar\u0131m\u0131n Durumu 2017 Raporu’na g\u00f6re, geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in kalk\u0131nman\u0131n yolu k\u0131rsaldan ge\u00e7iyor. Geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin anahtar\u0131 uzun y\u0131llar […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1604,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,16,3,17,18,19,2,1],"tags":[1257,1260,1259,1258],"class_list":["post-1603","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-avrupa","category-belcika","category-dunya","category-ekonomi","category-kultur-sanat","category-tanitim","category-turkiye","category-uncategorized","tag-buyumenin","tag-geciyor","tag-kirsaldan","tag-yolu"],"yoast_head":"\n
\nBu kent sakinlerinin y\u00fczde 80’i Afrika, Asya ve Latin Amerika’da ya\u015f\u0131yor olacak.<\/p>\n