{"id":14963,"date":"2021-04-12T21:33:29","date_gmt":"2021-04-12T21:33:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/avrupapress.com\/main\/?p=14963"},"modified":"2021-05-17T10:46:54","modified_gmt":"2021-05-17T10:46:54","slug":"kimya-laboratuvarindaki-sanat-parfumun-kimyasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/avrupapress.com\/main\/2021\/04\/12\/kimya-laboratuvarindaki-sanat-parfumun-kimyasi\/","title":{"rendered":"Kimya Laboratuvar\u0131ndaki Sanat: Parf\u00fcm\u00fcn Kimyas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Herkese merhaba, bu yaz\u0131mda bir kimyager olarak sizlere hepimizin g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayatta s\u0131k\u00e7a kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bizim imzam\u0131z niteli\u011finde olup g\u00fczelli\u011fimizi tamamlayan parf\u00fcm hakk\u0131nda bilgilendirici olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm i\u00e7erik haz\u0131rlad\u0131m. Kimya laboratuvarlar\u0131nda ar-ge \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yap\u0131larak \u00f6zenle \u00fcretilen bir sanat eseri olan, kozmetik d\u00fckkanlar\u0131ndan haz\u0131r olarak sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z parf\u00fcm\u00fcn tarih\u00e7esinden, i\u00e7eri\u011finden, nas\u0131l olu\u015ftu\u011fundan, parf\u00fcm\u00fcn notalar\u0131ndan, i\u00e7eri\u011findeki parf\u00fcm oran\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7e\u015fitlerinden ve evde do\u011fal parf\u00fcm yap\u0131m\u0131ndan k\u0131saca bahsedece\u011fim.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Koku nedir?<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00d6ncelikle kokunun tan\u0131m\u0131yla yaz\u0131ma ba\u015flamak istiyorum. Be\u015f duyu organ\u0131m\u0131zdan biri olan ve ortamdaki koku molek\u00fcllerinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesiyle epithelium olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan burun bo\u015flu\u011fundaki sinir u\u00e7lar\u0131 sayesinde alg\u0131layabildi\u011fimiz hissi koku olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yoruz. Kokular alg\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6re k\u00f6t\u00fc ve ho\u015f koku olarak ayr\u0131labilir.\u00a0\u00d6rne\u011fin; duyulan taze ot, yaprak ve ye\u015fillik kokusu, ferahl\u0131k, ya\u015fam heyecan\u0131 ve bahar\u0131 an\u0131msat\u0131r. G\u00fczel bir \u00e7i\u00e7ek kokusu da huzur, mutluluk ve rahatl\u0131k duygusu verir. Narenciye kokular\u0131 ise enerji ve zindelik sa\u011flar. Kokunun etkisi insan zihnini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkiler ve her bir koku haf\u0131zaya kaydedilmek \u00fczere depolan\u0131r.\u00a0Toronto \u00dcniversitesi’nde yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, kokular\u0131n tetikledi\u011fi an\u0131lar\u0131n daha net, daha yo\u011fun ve daha duygusal olma e\u011filiminde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Kokular\u0131n d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ger\u00e7ekten de bizi oradan oraya ta\u015f\u0131yabilir ve kim oldu\u011fumuzla ilgili hikayeler anlatabilir. \u0130nsanlar da g\u00fczel ve temiz kokmak, birbirlerini etkilemek ve kokular\u0131yla haf\u0131zalarda yer edinebilmek i\u00e7in parf\u00fcm\u00fcn g\u00fcc\u00fcnden yararlan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Parf\u00fcm\u00fcn Tarih\u00e7esi<\/p>\n

Parf\u00fcm latince k\u00f6kenli olup dumandan \u00e7\u0131kan anlam\u0131na gelen per-fume k\u00f6k\u00fcnden t\u00fcremi\u015ftir. Parf\u00fcmlerin anlam\u0131 ve stat\u00fcleri her \u00fclkede farkl\u0131 \u015fekilde geli\u015fmi\u015ftir, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bildi\u011fimiz anlamda ilk modern parf\u00fcm \u00fcretilmeden \u00f6nce \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 tarzda kokular parf\u00fcm olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat bildi\u011fimiz parf\u00fcm\u00fc, yani alkol sol\u00fcsyonunda aromal\u0131 ya\u011flarla olu\u015fturulan parf\u00fcm\u00fc as\u0131l Macarlar bulmu\u015ftur. \u00d6zel ki\u015fisel kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in \u00fcretilen ilk parf\u00fcm, 14.yy \u2018da Macar Krali\u00e7esi Elizabeth i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir ve Avrupa\u2019da Macar Suyu olarak bilinir. Koku a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak biberiye ve taze kekik gibi do\u011fal aromalar i\u00e7ermekteydi.<\/p>\n

\"\"\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

M\u0131s\u0131r uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bug\u00fcnk\u00fc gibi kozmetik ama\u00e7larla fazla kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaynaklarda belirtilse de \u00f6nemli firavun ve krali\u00e7elerin kokulara olan d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Efsaneye g\u00f6re Kleopatra, denize a\u00e7\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce teknesini kokulu ya\u011flarla sildirirmi\u015f ve bu sayede de sevgilisi Mark Antony, onun geli\u015fini kokusundan anlarm\u0131\u015f. Nefertiti, yasemin banyosu yapar, banyodan sonra v\u00fccuduna sandal a\u011fac\u0131, amber ve ender rastlanan \u00e7i\u00e7ek \u00f6zleri s\u00fcrermi\u015f. M\u0131s\u0131r Firavunu Tutankhamon\u2019un mezar\u0131ndan da parf\u00fcm \u015fi\u015feleri ve krem vazolar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayatlar\u0131nda ise kokulu ya\u011flar ve kremler kullan\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. Bunlar i\u00e7inde en \u00e7ok tercih ettikleri ise \u201ckyphi\u201d isimli kokulu bir ya\u011fm\u0131\u015f. Kyphi, notalar\u0131nda k\u0131na, tar\u00e7\u0131n, ard\u0131\u00e7, hint s\u00fcmb\u00fcl\u00fc, safran, bal, \u00fcz\u00fcm gibi toplamda 13 maddenin bile\u015feni ile yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

1416\u2019da Fransa\u2019da parf\u00fcmc\u00fcl\u00fck bir meslek olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Bu meslek i\u00e7in, d\u00f6rt y\u0131l \u00e7\u0131rakl\u0131k, \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l asistanl\u0131k yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra unvan sahibi olunuyordu. 16. yy \u2018da ise cam yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ilerlemesiyle birlikte parf\u00fcm\u00fcn geli\u015fme s\u00fcreci de h\u0131zlanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O y\u0131llarda parf\u00fcm\u00fcn en \u00e7ok \u00fcretilip t\u00fcketildi\u011fi \u00fclke Fransa\u2019yd\u0131. Fakat parf\u00fcm\u00fcn v\u00fccuda s\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin hastal\u0131klara neden olaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden sadece k\u00f6t\u00fc kokular\u0131 maskelemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. Bu nedenle giysiler, eldivenler, mendiller, hatta m\u00fccevherler bile parf\u00fcmlenirmi\u015f. Daha sonralar\u0131 G\u00fcney Fransa\u2019da \u00f6zellikle Provence b\u00f6lgesinde bulunan Grasse \u015fehrinde yap\u0131lan \u00e7i\u00e7ek tar\u0131m\u0131, Fransa\u2019y\u0131 h\u0131zla parf\u00fcm\u00fcn merkezi haline getirdi.<\/p>\n

20.yy \u2018da kokular art\u0131k ki\u015filerin imzas\u0131 olmu\u015f, g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilmezi haline gelmi\u015ftir. Bundan sonraki geli\u015fmeler, organik maddelerin sentezleri ve ucuza yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015flamalar\u0131 ile koku ve parf\u00fcm yap\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da end\u00fcstrile\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcm zamanlar\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fc parf\u00fcm\u00fc ise \u015f\u00fcphesiz Chanel No:5\u2019e ait. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00e7i\u00e7ek gibi de\u011fil, kad\u0131n gibi kokmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyen Coco Chanel\u2019\u0131n uygun parf\u00fcmler yaratmas\u0131 i\u00e7in koku uzman\u0131 Ernest Beaux\u2019u g\u00f6revlendirmesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u00fcr\u00fcn, ismini be\u015f numaral\u0131 kokudan alm\u0131\u015f. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk sentetik parf\u00fcm\u00fc olma \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan Chanel No:5\u2019in i\u00e7eri\u011finde g\u00fcl, amber, yasemin, misk ve aldehit bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Parf\u00fcm nedir?<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Parf\u00fcm, ho\u015f kokulu esansiyel ya\u011flar, \u00e7e\u015fitli kimyasallar ve aromatik bile\u015fiklerin ilavesiyle elde edilen gerek insan v\u00fccudu gerekse ortama g\u00fczel koku vermek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131md\u0131r.\u00a0Esans\u00a0ise parf\u00fcme ho\u015f koku verebilmek i\u00e7in bitki ve \u00e7i\u00e7ekler gibi do\u011fal maddelerin \u00e7e\u015fitli kimyasal i\u015flemlerden ge\u00e7irilmesiyle \u00f6z\u00fct olu\u015fturulan ya da kimyasal maddelerin sentezlenmesiyle elde edilen u\u00e7ucu s\u0131v\u0131lara denir.<\/p>\n

Parf\u00fcm, kimya biliminin g\u00fczel kokulardan yola \u00e7\u0131karak geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi, sezgisel ve sanatsal bir kombinasyondur. Bir ki\u015finin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 koku onun karakter anlam\u0131nda ruhu gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Kullan\u0131lan koku ile kullanan ki\u015fi aras\u0131nda mutlaka bir uyum olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ki\u015finin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 koku, onun imzas\u0131 niteli\u011findedir.<\/p>\n

Koku molek\u00fcllerinin ilk kayna\u011f\u0131 bitkilerdir. Parf\u00fcm, taze bitkilerin u\u00e7ucu ya\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n ekstre edilmesiyle olu\u015fur. Bitkilerdeki u\u00e7ucu ya\u011f\u0131 elde edebilmek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli teknikler kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu teknikler;\u00a0 dijestiyon, enfloraj, destilasyon ve bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fc ekstraksiyondur. Dijestiyon, \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri ya\u011f veya kat\u0131 ya\u011flarla i\u015flemden ge\u00e7irmektir. Ya\u011f ve \u00e7i\u00e7ek kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131, belirli bir s\u00fcre hafif\u00e7e \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r ve daha sonra ya\u011f \u00e7i\u00e7ekten ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Koku molek\u00fclleri , alkol ile ekstrakte edilerek ya\u011fdan al\u0131n\u0131r. Enfloraj, dijestiyona benzerdir ancak \u0131s\u0131 kullan\u0131lmadan uygulanan bir tekniktir. Destilasyon , buhar ile bitkilerin\u00a0\u00a0u\u00e7ucu bile\u015fenlerini geri almakt\u0131r.\u00a0Kaynama noktalar\u0131 farkl\u0131 olan su ve bitkiden olu\u015fan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m kaynat\u0131l\u0131r. Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m kaynat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6nce kaynama noktas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan buharla\u015f\u0131r. Bu buhar yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p tekrar s\u0131v\u0131 elde edilir. Su ve esans\u0131n farkl\u0131 yo\u011funlukta olmalar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal sonucu olarak birbirlerinden ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Parf\u00fcmlerde kokulu u\u00e7ucu ya\u011flar\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma ve tutma amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc, kokulu ya\u011f\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, az veya \u00e7ok suyla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f etil alkold\u00fcr. Bu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc, u\u00e7ucu \u00f6zelli\u011fi nedeniyle, kokunun ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olurken \u00e7\u00f6zd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ya\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131\u00a0etkisizdir. Parf\u00fcm\u00fcn bile\u015fimindeki u\u00e7ucu ya\u011flar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nma h\u0131z\u0131 ve kokular\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc\u00a0parf\u00fcm\u00fcn notalar\u0131n\u0131 belirler.<\/p>\n

Parf\u00fcm Notalar\u0131<\/p>\n

\"\"\"\"<\/p>\n

Parf\u00fcm\u00f6r olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan koku uzmanlar\u0131 parf\u00fcm\u00fcn i\u00e7indeki hammaddeleri bir piramit gibi planlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu piramit; \u00fcst nota, orta nota ve alt nota olmak \u00fczere\u00a0 3 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bir parf\u00fcm\u00fc koklad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ilk hissetti\u011fimiz kokular piramidin en \u00fcst\u00fcnde yer alan \u00fcst notalar\u0131n kokusudur.\u00a0\u00dcst notalar, parf\u00fcm\u00fcn i\u00e7eri\u011findeki en u\u00e7ucu ya\u011flar\u0131n kokular\u0131ndan olu\u015fan k\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r. En hafif ve en \u00e7abuk ge\u00e7en k\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dcst notay\u0131 olu\u015fturan maddeler evaporation (buharla\u015fma) h\u0131z\u0131 ve s\u00fcresine g\u00f6re numaraland\u0131r\u0131larak grupland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu nota parf\u00fcm \u00fcretiminde en son konulan k\u0131s\u0131md\u0131r. \u00c7i\u00e7ek koku ailesi ve turun\u00e7gil koku ailesi, lavanta, orkide, bergamot, zencefil gibi kokular keskin ve \u00e7abuk buharla\u015fmalar\u0131 nedeniyle \u00fcst notalarda s\u0131k\u00e7a kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar. \u00dcst notadaki kokular 10-15 dakika i\u00e7inde etkisini kaybeder ve 30-60 dakika sonra parf\u00fcm\u00fcn kalbi olarak nitelendirebilece\u011fimiz orta notadaki kokular\u0131 hissetmeye ba\u015flar\u0131z.\u00a0Orta notada kokunun ba\u015fka bir boyutuna ge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc orta nota kokunun en belirgin oldu\u011fu k\u0131s\u0131md\u0131r.\u00a0Parf\u00fcm\u00fcn cilde yerle\u015fmesiyle belirginle\u015fir. Kokunun s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Karanfil, nergis, frezya, han\u0131meli, yasemin, leylak, inci \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi, mimoza, manolya, orkide, \u015fakay\u0131k, g\u00fcl, menek\u015fe, nil\u00fcfer, ylang ylang orta nota kokular\u0131na \u00f6rnek verilebilir. Ve piramidin en alt\u0131ndaki\u00a0alt nota\u00a0 ise parf\u00fcm\u00fcn karakterini, kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen k\u0131s\u0131md\u0131r. Parf\u00fcm \u00fcretilirken ilk kat\u0131lan k\u0131s\u0131m alt notad\u0131r. Buharla\u015fmalar\u0131 uzun s\u00fcrer ve tenden en son uzakla\u015f\u0131rlar. Parf\u00fcm kullan\u0131ld\u0131ktan 2-3 saat sonra kokusu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.\u00a0Kokunun cilt \u00fczerindeki hayat\u0131n\u0131 uzatan k\u0131s\u0131md\u0131r. Kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, kullan\u0131lan hammaddenin konsantrasyonuna g\u00f6re 6-8 saat aras\u0131 de\u011fi\u015febilir. Amber, balzam, benzoin, sedir\u00a0a\u011fac\u0131, kumarin, misk, me\u015fe yosunu, pa\u00e7uli, sandal a\u011fac\u0131, tar\u00e7\u0131n, vanilya alt nota kokular\u0131na \u00f6rnek verilebilir.<\/p>\n

Parf\u00fcm\u00fcn kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve etkisini, haz\u0131rlan\u0131\u015f a\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ter, ten rengi, v\u00fccut pH dengesi, v\u00fccut ve ortam s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, yemek al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hatta ila\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131 bile etkilemektedir.\u00a0B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra parf\u00fcm\u00fcn kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanabilmesi i\u00e7in do\u011fru yere s\u0131kmakta \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Boyun, bilekler, ense, kulak arkas\u0131 gibi v\u00fccudun s\u0131cak kalabilen kan ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu yerlerde kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flamakta daha yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Parf\u00fcm \u00c7e\u015fitleri<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Parf\u00fcm, de\u011fi\u015fik oranlarda alkol ve farkl\u0131 esanslar kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak yap\u0131l\u0131r. G\u00fczel kokular, i\u00e7erdikleri u\u00e7ucu ya\u011f miktar\u0131na g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r: Parfum, Eau de Parfum, Eau de Toilette, Eau Fraiche, Eau de Cologne, Kolonya, Bebek Kolonyas\u0131, T\u0131ra\u015f Kolonyas\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n

Esans: %30\u2019den fazla,\u00a0Eau de Parfume: %15-20,\u00a0Eau de Toilette: %5-15,\u00a0Eau de Cologne: %2-4 ve\u00a0T\u0131ra\u015f Kolonyas\u0131: %1-3 aras\u0131 aromatik madde i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n

Kolonya, Almanya\u2019n\u0131n K\u00f6ln kentinde berberlik yapan \u0130talyan G. P. Feminis\u2019in 1709\u2019 da \u00fcretti\u011fi ve \u201cEau de Cologne\u201d (K\u00f6ln Suyu) ad\u0131yla bilinen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131md\u0131r. Alkolde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f limon, turun\u00e7, portakal ve bergamot esanslar\u0131 i\u00e7eren kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m, di\u011fer \u00fclkelerdeki benzer \u00fcr\u00fcnlere de kolonya denilmesine neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Saf Parf\u00fcm, Esans yo\u011funlu\u011fu % 40 ve \u00fczeri olan bu kokular genellikle \u00f6zel \u00fcretiliyor. Esans oran\u0131 fazla oldu\u011fundan piyasada fazla bulunmaz. \u00c7ok az ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan tercih edilir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Eau de Parfume (EDP), Yo\u011funluk olarak en fazla koku veren parf\u00fcmlerdir. Esans oranlar\u0131 % 15-20 aras\u0131nda olan ve geri kalan\u0131 da su ve etanolden olu\u015fan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131md\u0131r. Kaliteli parf\u00fcmlerde etanol, sudan daha fazla miktarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Kal\u0131c\u0131 ve a\u011f\u0131r kokulu parf\u00fcmler genellikle bu grup i\u00e7erisinde yer al\u0131r. K\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda vazge\u00e7ilmez parf\u00fcm grubudur. Kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 6 saate kadar devam eder. D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnlerde, partilerde kullan\u0131ma uygun bir parf\u00fcm grubudur.<\/p>\n

Eau de Toilette (EDT), Yo\u011funluk oran\u0131 orta derecededir. Esans oran\u0131 % 5-15 aras\u0131nda olan ve geri kalan\u0131 da su ve etanolden olu\u015fan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131md\u0131r. EDT parf\u00fcmlerde su, etanolden daha\u00a0 fazlad\u0131r. EDT parf\u00fcmler daha hafif ve tazedir. G\u00fcnl\u00fck kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in ideal olan ve en \u00e7ok tercih edilen parf\u00fcm grubudur. D\u00f6rt mevsim kullan\u0131labilir. Ak\u015fam yeme\u011fi, sinema, bulu\u015fma ve toplant\u0131lara giderken kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 uygun olan parf\u00fcm grubudur.<\/p>\n

Eau de Cologne (EDC), Yo\u011funluk oran\u0131 en az parf\u00fcmlerdir. Esans oran\u0131 % 2-4 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Kokuya hassasiyeti olan ki\u015filer, hafif olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in genelde\u00a0 bu parf\u00fcm grubunu tercih etmektedirler. Marka parf\u00fcmler EDC grubunda \u00e7ok fazla parf\u00fcm \u00fcretmemektedir. Bu y\u00fczden en az t\u00fcketilen parf\u00fcm grubudur. Kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131sad\u0131r. G\u00fcnl\u00fck gezilerde, sinema ve al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fe giderken kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 uygun olan parf\u00fcm grubudur.<\/p>\n

Eau de Fraiche, parf\u00fcmden daha hafif, tatl\u0131, meyveli, keskin kokular\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Parf\u00fcmlerin i\u00e7inde en u\u00e7ucu esans ve en az aromatik ya\u011f i\u00e7eren parf\u00fcm grubudur. Kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 1 saatten azd\u0131r. Evde, plajda ve y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fte kullan\u0131ma uygun bir parf\u00fcm grubudur.<\/p>\n

Evde Taze \u00c7i\u00e7eklerden Do\u011fal Parf\u00fcm Yap\u0131m<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Parf\u00fcm yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan malzemeler asl\u0131nda \u00e7ok basit ve temel malzemelerdir. Bu malzemeler ne kadar saf ve y\u00fcksek kalitede olursa ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan parf\u00fcm de bir o kadar y\u00fcksek kalitede olacakt\u0131r. Di\u011fer yandan piyasada y\u0131llard\u0131r bilinen parf\u00fcm firmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretti\u011fi \u00f6zel parf\u00fcmlerin evde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Evde yap\u0131lacak parf\u00fcmler ise daha basit \u015fekilde yap\u0131lan ancak ho\u015f kokusu ile severek kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z parf\u00fcmlerdir. Bu parf\u00fcmler do\u011fal malzemelerden yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenle kullan\u0131labilir. Ayr\u0131ca ev yap\u0131m\u0131 parf\u00fcmlerinizi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck sevimli \u015fi\u015felere doldurarak sevdiklerinize arma\u011fan edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Parf\u00fcm Yaparken Hangi \u00c7i\u00e7ekleri Tercih Etmeliyiz<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Parf\u00fcm end\u00fcstrisinde s\u0131kl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan \u00e7i\u00e7ekler ve esanslar\u0131;\u00a0 vanilya esans\u0131,\u00a0 g\u00fcl ya\u011f\u0131, lavanta ya\u011f\u0131, orkide esans\u0131, badem ya\u011f\u0131, greyfurt ve portakal esans\u0131d\u0131r. Evde kolay yolla daha az miktarda \u00e7i\u00e7ek kullanarak bitki esanslar\u0131 az da olsa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilir ve daha hafif ev yap\u0131m\u0131 parf\u00fcmler \u00fcretilebilir. Bunun i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan temel malzeme saf alkol ve saf sudur. \u00c7i\u00e7eklerden parf\u00fcm yaparken \u00f6ncellikle taze \u00e7i\u00e7ek yapraklar\u0131 se\u00e7mek ve bunlar\u0131 vakit ge\u00e7irmeden i\u015flemek gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

Taze \u00e7i\u00e7ek yapraklar\u0131 alkolle reaksiyona girdiklerinde i\u00e7lerinde yer alan ya\u011flar\u0131 ayr\u0131\u015f\u0131r. \u00c7i\u00e7e\u011fin as\u0131l kokusunu veren esans bu ya\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7inde sakl\u0131d\u0131r. Profesyonel parf\u00fcm firmalar\u0131 bu ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 reakt\u00f6r ad\u0131 verilen b\u00fcy\u00fck tanklarda yaparlar. Bu reakt\u00f6rler \u00e7i\u00e7eklerin i\u00e7indeki ya\u011f\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve alkol buhar\u0131 ile ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bitkilerin \u00e7i\u00e7eklendi\u011fi ilkbahar aylar\u0131nda \u00e7i\u00e7ek yapraklar\u0131 h\u0131zla b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye ve g\u00fc\u00e7lenmeye ba\u015flar. Parf\u00fcm \u00fcreticileri \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri \u00f6zellikle may\u0131s aylar\u0131nda yapraklar\u0131n en ideal b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011fe ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman toplar \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7i\u00e7ekler b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fckten hemen sonra h\u0131zla kurumaya ve su kaybetmeye ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Taze \u00c7i\u00e7eklerden Parf\u00fcm Yaparken Kullan\u0131lacak Malzemeler;<\/p>\n